Contact lenses articles

July 31, 2007

Lily Sloane contact

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Lily Sloane, played by Alfre Woodard, is a character in the film Star Trek: First Contact.<ref name=”Encyc”></ref> Sloane is an
engineer who assists Zefram Cochrane in the production of the first warp drive spacecraft, the Phoenix.<ref name=”Encyc” />

Sloane is transported aboard the USS Enterprise-E to be treated for radiation poisoning.<ref name=”Encyc” /> Sloane helps convince Picard to destroy the Enterprise to defeat the Borg, who have begun assimilating the ship.<ref name=”Encyc” /> After the Borg are defeated through other means, she returns to Earth to witness humanity’s first contact with the Vulcans in Bozeman, Montana on April 5, 2063.<ref name=”Encyc” />


References


External links

Arri bayonet lenses feel

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Arri bayonet is a lens mount developed by Arri for use with both 16 mm and 35 mm movie cameras. Lenses are distinguished by “outer wings” which both control aperture and bayonet alignment, and are placed in the mount while two pressure tabs are simultaneously depressed at the side of the lens mount on the camera. These tabs provide a relatively strong locking mechanism which allows for higher quality lens seating than offered by the Arri standard mount. Debuting in 1965 with the 16BL, the Arri bayonet mount superseded the Arri standard mount, but cameras with the bayonet mount were also able to accommodate Arri standard lenses due to both mounts having the same flange focal distance and diameter. However, cameras with Arri standard mounts were unable to fit lenses with Arri bayonet mounts, due to the locking mechanism. The bayonet mount began to be superseded around 1980 by the Arri PL mount, which has since become an overwhelmingly predominant mount for most modern cameras, along with Panavision and their PV mount.


Technical specifications

  • Flange focal distance: 52.00 mm
  • Diameter: 41.00 mm
  • Cameras: (all are Arri models)
    • 35 mm 2C (late models), 35BL1, 35BL2, 35BL3 (early models), and 3 (early models);
    • 16 mm SB (only one turret), ST/B (only one turret), M/B, 16BL, SR1, and SR2 (early models).
  • Buy Contact Lenses Online at Lens.com ® Discount Contact Lenses Online. The exact same contact lenses prescribed by your doctor, delivered to you for less. All major brands of discount contact
  • MyContactLenses.Org Information on the value of contact lenses. Examples of who can wear contact lenses and how they fit into ones lifestyle. The site also provides detailed
  • Contact Lenses - Risks Information about the potential risks of contact lenses.
  • Novelty And Cosmetic Soft Coloured Contact Lenses Distributed We sell cosmetic contact lenses to Australia and beyond. Our range includes, one to three tone coloured contact lenses, crazy contact lenses and Flash
  • Contact Lenses Getting started right with your contact lenses involves going to a doctor who provides full-service care. This includes a thorough eye examination,

July 30, 2007

Parabiaugmented dodecahedron Website Johnson & Johnson

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In geometry, the parabiaugmented dodecahedron is one of the Johnson solids (J59).

The 92 Johnson solids were named and described by Norman Johnson in 1966.


External links

  • Johnson Solid — from MathWorld

Contact microphone contact

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A contact microphone is a form of microphone designed not for picking up airborne sound waves, but rather to act as a transducer which picks up vibrations through solid materials and converts them into audible sound. Often used as an acoustic leakage probe, and known by the more technical term as a ‘piezoelectric vibration transducer’.

Rianna Andomeran tear

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Rianna Andomeran is a fictional character from Robert Jordan’s Wheel of Time fantasy series.

Rianna Andomeran is an Aes Sedai of the White Ajah, but also secretly of the Black Ajah. She is from Kandor, and is black haired with a white streak above her left ear. Being Black Ajah, she can lie and kill directly with the One Power. She along with Amico Nagoyin, Asne Zeramene, Berylla Naron, Chesmal Emry, Eldrith Jhondar, Falion Bhoda, Ispan Shefar, Jeaine Caide, Joiya Byir, Marillin Gemalphin, Temaile Kinderode, and Liandrin fled the White Tower, exposing themselves as Black Ajah. When they left they killed three Aes Sedai and took several ter’angreal with them. They left the Tower and fled to Tear in a complex plot by Mesaana and Be’lal to kill Rand al’Thor and obtain Callandor. Their plan was to lead Egwene al’Vere and Nynaeve al’Meara to Tear, where they were to be used as bait to draw Rand. The plan worked, and the two women and Elayne Trakand were captured. Matrim Cauthon rescued them while he aided Rand al’Thor in taking the Stone of Tear.

Joiya and Amico were caught, but Rianna and the other remaining black sisters managed to avoid capture and fled to Tanchico, in search of ter’angreal to control Rand. After arriving, they lived in a house that used to belong to a darkfriend merchant. They then gained access to the Panarch’s Palace and held the newly invested Amathera captive. Unbeknownst to them, they were followed again by Elayne and Nynaeve, who had been told where they were going by Amico. Elayne and Nynaneve managed to obtain the ter’angreal before the black sisters, free Amathera and leave the palace before it was overrun by an angry mob. Rianna and the rest escaped and moved to Amador, where Moghedien took over the group that Liandrin had been leading, and sent them to do her bidding. Rianna accepted her instructions stolidly.

Canon EF 1200mm lens contact lenses

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The Canon EF 1200mm 5.6L lens is a professional EF lens made by Canon that was introduced in 1993, six years after the launch of EOS cameras, and discontinued in 2005. The initial price for this lens was US$89,579. It weighs more than 36 pounds (16 kg), comes with its own heavy-duty tripod and case, and was built only by request. The focal length can be increased to 1700 mm or 2400 mm 11 using the Canon EF Extenders 1.4× and 2× respectively. Few of these lenses exist; Sports Illustrated magazine owns two of them, as does Canon Professional Services and James Jannard, the billionaire founder of Oakley.


Technical data

  • Lens construction: 13 elements in 10 groups (protective glass and drop-in filter included)
  • Diagonal angle of view: 2°-5°
  • Focus adjustment: Inner focusing system with USM
  • Closest focusing distance: 14m / 46ft
  • Filter size: 48mm rear drop in


External links and references

  • Canon Europe - EF 1200mm 5.6L USM
  • Canon Museum - EF 1200mm 5.6L USM Block diagram

July 29, 2007

Angénieux retrofocus Lens

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The Angénieux retrofocus photographic lens is a wide-angle lens design that uses an inverted telephoto configuration. The popularity of this lens design made the name retrofocus synonymous with this type of lens. The Angénieux retrofocus was invented in France in 1950 by Pierre Angénieux.

The telephoto lens configuration combines positive and negative lens groups with the positive at the front, so as to make the lens physically shorter than its focal length. The inverted telephoto configuration does the reverse, employing one or more negative lens groups at the front to make the lens longer than its focal length. The reason is to increase the back focal distance of the lens, the distance between the back of the lens and the image plane, to allow for additional optical or mechanical parts to fit between them.

The inverted telephoto design was employed in early Technicolor cameras since the beam splitter unit behind the lens took up much space, so lenses with wider angle of view needed to be of inverted telephoto configuration. Also, wide-angle lenses for narrow-gauge movie cameras had to be of this type. Since the 35mm single-lens reflex (SLR) requires a space for the reflex mirror, it imposes a limit on the use of wide-angle lenses of normal designs, unless the reflex mirror is locked in the up position. The Retrofocus lenses rectified this situation by making wider lenses usable while retaining normal viewing and focussing.

Made in focal lengths of 24 mm, 28 mm and 35 mm, the Angénieux Retrofocus lens inspired all other lens makers to produce wide-angle lenses of this type for almost every 35mm single-lens reflex, and helped to make it the definitive camera type of the modern period.

The Amp subsidiary of Johnson &

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The Amp was a satellite television channel, showing music videos, owned by British Sky Broadcasting, and operated on their behalf by Chart Show Channels. It was operated as part of a trio, with Scuzz and Flaunt as its sister stations.

The Amp was a channel that aired more ‘Alternative’ or ‘Non Mainstream’ music videos and programming from today and days gone by. Mainly old British ‘indie’ bands. It was an interactive channel in the early days but this was later dropped with the takeover and it was populated with specialist TV shows talking about the careers of famous ‘Alternative’ Rock bands. Whilst playing music videos back to back during the day.

It was dropped and replaced by a classic pop channel Bliss in March 2006 because although the channel had a loyal fan base, it simply failed to reach out to a wide enough audience and wasn’t cost effective. Scuzz and Flaunt are still running.

July 28, 2007

The Hawk brand of disposable contact

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The nickname “The Hawk” may refer to:

  • The Hawk (film), a 1993 film starring Helen Mirren
  • The Hawk (horse)
  • Connie Hawkins, a hall of fame basketball player
  • Andre Dawson, a former Major League Baseball outfielder
  • Ken Harrelson, the play-by-play voice of the Chicago White Sox
  • Ronnie Hawkins, legendary rockabilly musician
  • The brand name of CKDK-FM in Woodstock, Ontario, Canada.
  • The brand name of CIGO-FM in Port Hawkesbury, Nova Scotia, Canada.
  • The brand name of WODE-FM in Easton, Pennsylvania
  • The brand name of WHWK-FM in Binghamton, New York
  • The brand name of KKHK in the San Francisco Bay Area
  • The brand name of WCHR in Manahawkin, New Jersey
  • Phillip of Burgundy, a fictional character from The Black Adder
  • “The hawk” is also a popular slang term to refer to the wind in Chicago. See also Windy City, Origin of Name (Chicago).

July 27, 2007

Thin lens ACUVUE Contact Lenses

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In optics, a thin lens is a lens with a thickness (distance along the optical axis between the two surfaces of the lens) that is negligible compared to the focal length of the lens. Lenses whose thickness is not negligible are sometimes called thick lenses.

The thin lens approximation ignores optical effects due to the thickness of lenses and simplifies ray tracing calculations. It is often combined with the paraxial approximation in techniques such as ray transfer matrix analysis.

For a thin lens, in the paraxial ray approximation, the object (<math>s</math>) and image (<math>s’</math>) distances are related by the equation

<math>{1\over s} + {1\over s’} = {1\over f}</math>

where <math>f</math> is the focal length of the lens.


External links

  • FORTRAN code for solving thin lens equation

M39 lens mount Lenses with smaller

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The M39 lens mount is a screw thread mounting system for attaching lenses to 35 mm cameras, primarily rangefinder Leicas. It is also very common on Photographic enlargers. It is defined in metric as M39×1, which means that the outer side of the thread measures 39 milimeters and the thread steps in 1 milimeter distances.

It was developed by Leica who were in need of system that would allow for the exchange of lenses on their new small film cameras (Leica Type 1 and Leica Type 2). This would make them more versatile.

Until the 1970’s the 39mm mount was the norm for exchangeable lenses in rangefinder cameras. The high cost of quality lenses led to the dual use camera/enlarger of the lenses, hence the fact that enlargers also accept 39mm lenses.

The last modern 35mm cameras to use the M39 norm are Voigtländer (Germany), FED (Russia), Lubitel(Russia) and Zorki(Russia) cameras. These give amateurs the rare chance of having a very professional camera by combining a used Leica lens with a M39 body at a price well below a real Leica combination. On the other hand one has to be careful as there are some issues with some bodies not using the same focusing system.


Sources

Dante Stella

Base 13 Base

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Base-13, tridecimal, or tredecimal is a positional numeral system with thirteen as its base. It uses 13 different digits for representing numbers. Suitable digits for base 13 could be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, X, E and T (similar to base 12) or 0-9, A, B and C (similar to base 16).


Base 13 in fiction

In the end of The Restaurant at the End of the Universe by Douglas Adams, a possible question to get the answer “forty-two” is presented: “What do you get if you multiply six by nine?” Of course, the answer is deliberately wrong, creating a humorous effect – if the calculation is carried out in base 10. People who were trying to find a deeper meaning in the passage soon noticed that in base 13, 613 × 913 is actually 4213 (as 4 × 13 + 2 = 54). When confronted with this, the author stated that it was a mere coincidence, and that “Nobody writes jokes in base 13 […] I may be a pretty sad person, but I don’t make jokes in base 13.” See also The Answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything. Also 4213 is read as “four two base thirteen” as the four is not in a “tens” column.


Base-13 based Calendar

The Maya calendar used a base 13 system (the trecena), with 13×20 days for the Tzolkin cycle.

Normal lens Contact Lens

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In photography and cinematography a normal lens is a lens that generates images that are generally held to have a “natural” perspective similar to human eyesight, compared with lenses with longer or shorter focal lengths.

Lenses of shorter focal length are called wide-angle lenses, while longer focal length lenses are called telephoto lenses.

In still photography, a normal lens is a lens whose focal length is roughly equivalent to the diagonal of the image projected within the camera.

  • Standard normal lenses for various film formats for photography are:
Film format Image dimensions Image diagonal Normal lens focal length
9.5 mm Minox 8 × 11 mm 13.6 mm 15 mm
APS C 16.7 × 25.1 mm 30.15 mm 28 mm, 35 mm
135 24 × 36 mm 43.27 mm 50 mm, 45 mm
120/220, 6 × 4.5 (645) 56 × 45 mm 71.84 mm 75 mm
120/220, 6 × 6 56 × 56 mm 79.20 mm 80 mm
120/220, 6 × 7 56 × 68 mm 88.09 mm 90 mm
120/220, 6 × 9 56 × 84 mm 100.96 mm 105 mm
large format 4 × 5 sheet film 96 × 120 mm (image area) 153.67 mm 150 mm
large format 8 × 10 sheet film 194 × 245 mm (image area) 312.51 mm 300 mm

For a 35 mm camera with a diagonal of 43 mm, the most commonly used normal lens is 50 mm, but focal lengths between about 40 and 58 mm are also considered normal.

The 50 mm focal length was chosen by Oskar Barnack, the creator of the Leica camera, as a compromise between the theoretical value and good sharpness, as lens technology at the time was such that slightly longer focal lengths were able to achieve optimum sharpness.

  • In Digital photography the situation is more complex. The sensor type diameter is not the sensor diameter:
(*) refers to tv-tube diameters that were standards in the 50’s. The normal lens focal length is roughly 2/3 of the TV tube diameter.
(**) this is a mathematical calculation because most of the cameras are equipped with zoom lenses.
Sensor type TV-tube diameter * Image dimensions Image diagonal Normal lens focal length **
1/3.6″ 7.1 mm 4.00 x 3.00 mm 5.00 mm 5 mm
1/3.2″ 7.9 mm 4.54 x 3.42 mm 5.68 mm 5.7 mm
1/3″ 8.5 mm 4.80 x 3.60 mm 6.00 mm 6 mm
1/2.7″ 9.4 mm 5.37 x 4.04 mm 6.72 mm 6.7 mm
1/2.5″ 10.2 mm 5.76 x 4.29 mm 7.2 mm 7 mm
1/2″ 12.7 mm 6.40 x 4.80 mm 8.00 mm 8 mm
1/1.8″ 14.1 mm 7.18 x 5.32 mm 8.93 mm 9 mm
1/1.7″ 14.9 mm 7.60 x 5.70 mm 9.50 mm 9.5 mm
1/1.6″ 15.9 mm 10.5 mm
2/3″ 16.9 mm 8.80 x 6.60 mm 11.00 mm 11 mm
1″ 25.4 mm 12.80 x 9.60 mm 16.00 mm 16 mm
4/3″ 33.9 mm 18.00 x 13.50 mm 22.50 mm 23 mm
(APS-C) 1/8″ 45.7 mm 22.70 x 15.10 mm 27.3 mm 27 mm
DX n/a 23.7 x 15.8 28.40 mm 28 mm
FF (35 mm film) n/a 36 x 24 mm 43.30 mm 50 mm
(4 x 5 cm) n/a 49.0 x 36.7 mm 61.22 mm
  • In cinematography a focal length roughly equivalent to twice the diagonal of the image projected within the camera is considered normal.
Film format Image dimensions Image diagonal Normal lens focal length
N-8 3.68 x 4.88 mm 6.11 mm 12 - 15 mm
Single - 8 (FUJI) 4.22 x 6.24 mm 7.53 mm 15 - 17 mm
Super - 8 4.22 x 6.24 mm 7.53 mm 15 - 17 mm
9.5 mm 6.5 x 8.5 mm 10.70 mm 20 mm
16 mm, magnetical sound 7.49 x 10.26 mm 12.70 mm 25 mm
16 mm, optical sound
35 mm 18.00 x 24.00 mm 30.00 mm 60 mm
35 mm, sound 16.03 x 22.05 mm 40.53 mm
65 mm
70 mm 52.6 x 23.0 mm 57.41 mm


See also

  • angle of view
  • photographic lens

July 26, 2007

Lambert II, Count of Lens Contact Lens

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Lambert II, Count of Lens (d. 1054), was a French nobleman.

He was the son of Eustace I, Count of Bologne and of Maud de Leuven. He married Adelaide of Normandy, Countess of Aumale, daughter of Robert II, Duke of Normandy. Lambert was killed at the battle of Lille. He had a daughter, Judith of Lens.

Daniel O’Reilly in Limerick

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Daniel O’Reilly of Brooklyn, New York was born in Limerick, Ireland, June 3 1838, died September 23 1911. He was a U.S. Representative from New York, 1879-81.
O’Reilly’s great grandson, Daniel Patrick O’Reilly, is an author of children’s literature. His most recent book, The Notorious Pickle Buys the Coat of Lies, was published in 2005. He now lives in Ontario, Canada.

Thin lens Lens

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In optics, a thin lens is a lens with a thickness (distance along the optical axis between the two surfaces of the lens) that is negligible compared to the focal length of the lens. Lenses whose thickness is not negligible are sometimes called thick lenses.

The thin lens approximation ignores optical effects due to the thickness of lenses and simplifies ray tracing calculations. It is often combined with the paraxial approximation in techniques such as ray transfer matrix analysis.

For a thin lens, in the paraxial ray approximation, the object (<math>s</math>) and image (<math>s’</math>) distances are related by the equation

<math>{1\over s} + {1\over s’} = {1\over f}</math>

where <math>f</math> is the focal length of the lens.


External links

  • FORTRAN code for solving thin lens equation

July 25, 2007

Double-Gauss lens contact lenses

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The double Gauss lens consists of two Gauss lenses back to back. It is a high performance lens, offering good results to and sometimes 1.0 with a wide field of view. It is commonly used or forms the basis for many camera lenses in use today.

The basic design consists of two triplet lenses placed around an aperture stop. The symmetry of the system and the splitting of the optical power into many elements reduces the optical aberrations within the system. There are many variations of the design. Sometimes extra lens elements are added.


History

In 1817 C F Gauss improved the Fraunhofer telescope objective by adding a meniscus lens to its single convex and concave lens design. Alvan Clark, in 1888 then took two of these lenses and placed them back to back to obtain the double Gauss design. The lens was named in honour of C F Gauss. The current design can be traced back to Paul Rudolph (physicist) of the Zeiss company in 1895 who used cemented doublets as the central lenses to correct for chromatic aberrations.


External links

  • A brief description of the double Gauss design
  • A history of the lens by Nikon

Postliminium with the exception of

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The right of postliminium, as a part of international law, allows the original owner of property captured by an enemy during war to reclaim that property in the event of its recapture by friendly forces. It derives from the jus posiliminii, of Roman law. This acts as an exception to the general rule that property captured in war belongs to the captor, and serves to mitigate the calamities of war.


External links

  • Grotius: On the Law of War and Peace: the Right of Postliminium

July 24, 2007

Canon EF-S 10-22mm lens Contact Lens Summary and

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The Canon EF-S 10-22mm 3.5-4.5 USM lens is a wide to ultra-wide angle zoom lens for Canon digital single-lens reflex cameras with a Canon EF-S lens mount.<ref name=”canonmuseum”></ref>
The lens’ angle of view is equivalent to a 16-35 mm on a 35 mm camera. The exterior of the lens does not extend nor rotate during focusing nor zooming, but a moving inner tube is present to facilitate zooming. Of the 13 elements, one is Canon’s Super Ultra-Low Dispersion glass and 3 are aspherical elements.


External Links

  • Press release on Dpreview


References

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July 23, 2007

Intrastromal corneal ring segments the wearer’s cornea

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Intrastromal corneal rings (or intracorneal rings) are small devices implanted in the eye to correct vision. A typical vision correction using corneal rings would involve an ophthalmologist making a small incision in the cornea of the eye, and inserting two crescent or semi-circular shaped ring segments between the layers of the corneal stroma, one on each side of the pupil. The embedding of the rings in the cornea has the effect of flattening the cornea and changing the refraction of light passing through the cornea on its way into the eye.

Corneal rings are typically used for patients with mild to moderate nearsightedness (1 to 3 diopters of correction and 1 diopter or less of astigmatism). An advantage over other surgical vision correction procedures like PRK or LASIK is that the implants are removable, which could allow for reversal or partial reversal of the correction, or replacement with different rings to change the amount of correction. Additional advantages are a lower risk of side effects, and a greater success rate of achieving the desired correction.

Potential complications are similar to other surgical vision correction procedures, and include infection and vision distortions, particularly problems with night vision.

The ring segments themselves are made of PMMA (an acrylic glass more commonly known under the tradenames Perspex or Plexiglas). The leading manufacturer is Addition Technology, which markets the rings under the trade name Intacs.


See also

  • Eye surgery


External links

  • GetIntacs.com
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