Contact lenses articles

January 31, 2008

Sidney Lens Lens

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Sidney Lens (1912 - 1986) was an American journalist and author, best known for his book, The Day Before Doomsday, which warns of the prospect of nuclear annihilation, published in 1977 by Doubleday. He also wrote a history of US intervention abroad, The Forging of the American Empire, originally published in 1974 and republished in 2003 by Haymarket Books with a new introduction by Howard Zinn, and an autobiography, Unrepentant Radical.

Formerly a member of Hugo Oehler’s Revolutionary Workers League, Lens was active in trade unions and in the anti-war movement during the Vietnam War.

Lens was an editor of The Progressive.

In 1980, Lens was the Citizens Party (United States) candidate for United States Senate in Illinois.

Serpentine curve Base curve

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A serpentine curve is a curve whose equation is of the form
<math>x^2y+aby-a^2x=0</math>, where <math>ab > 0</math>. Equivalently, it has a parametric representation <math>x=a\cot(t), y=b\sin (t)\cos(t)</math>. Serpentine curves were studied by L’Hopital and Huygens, and named and classified by Newton.


External links

  • MathWorld - Serpentine Equation
  • [1]

List of social software Comparison -

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This is a list of notable social software: selected examples of social software products and services that facilitate a variety of forms of social human contact.

Contents


Blogs

  • Blogger
  • Community Server
  • Xanga
  • Wordpress


Clipping

  • Google Notebook


Collaboration

  • Wrike


Instant messaging


Internet forums


Internet relay chat


eLearning


Massively multiplayer online games


Media sharing

  • Flickr
  • Metacafe [1]
  • YouTube
  • Zooomr


Media cataloging


Personals

  • eHarmony.com
  • Facebook
  • Match.com
  • OkCupid
  • Passado
  • Yahoo! Personals


Social bookmarking

  • Blue Dot
  • del.icio.us
  • Digg
  • Diigo
  • Furl
  • GiveALink.org
  • Ma.gnolia
  • My Web
  • Netvouz
  • Newsvine
  • Reddit
  • Simpy
  • SiteBar
  • StumbleUpon
  • Thoof


Social cataloging

  • Librarything
  • Shelfari


Social citations

  • BibSonomy
  • bibster
  • CiteULike
  • Connotea
  • refbase


Social evolutionary computation

  • Knowledge iN
  • Yahoo Answers


Social networks


Virtual worlds

  • Second Life
  • Active Worlds


Wikis

Wetting contact

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Wetting is the contact between a fluid and a surface, when the two are brought into contact. When a liquid has a high surface tension (strong internal bonds), it will form a droplet, whereas a liquid with low surface tension will spread out over a greater area (bonding to the surface). On the other hand, if a surface has a high surface energy (or surface tension), a drop will spread, or wet, the surface. If the surface has a low surface energy, a droplet will form. This phenomenon is a result of the minimization of interfacial energy. If the surface has a high energy, it will want to be covered with a liquid because this interface will lower its energy, and so on.

The primary measurement to determine wettability is a contact angle measurement. This measures the angle between the surface and the surface of a liquid droplet on the surface. For example, a droplet would have a high contact angle, but a liquid spread on the surface would have a small one. The contact angle <math> \theta\ </math> and the surface energies of the materials involved are related by the Young–Dupré equation

<math> \gamma_\mathrm{SV} = \gamma_\mathrm{SL} + \gamma_\mathrm{LV} \cos \theta \, </math>

where <math> \gamma\ </math> is the surface tension between two substances and S, V, and L correspond to the solid, vapor, and liquid substances in a contact angle experiment respectively.

A contact angle of 90° or greater generally characterizes a surface as not-wettable, and one less than 90° means that the surface is wettable. In the context of water, a wettable surface may also be termed hydrophilic and a non-wettable surface hydrophobic. Superhydrophobic surfaces have contact angles greater than 150°, showing almost no contact between the liquid drop and the surface. This is sometimes referred to as the “Lotus effect”. This characteristic of spreading out over a greater area is sometimes called ‘wetting action’ when discussing solders and soldering.

Wetting is often an important factor in the bonding (adherence) of two materials. It is also the basis for capillary action, the ability of a narrow tube to draw a liquid, even against the force of gravity.

The shape of a drop is roughly a spherical cap.


See also

  • Dewetting
  • Sessile drop technique
  • Anti-fog


References

Information Commissioner of Canada Information

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The Information Commissioner of Canada is an independent ombudsman appointed by the Parliament of Canada who investigates complaints from people who believe they have been denied rights provided under Canada’s Access to Information Act.

The current Information Commissioner of Canada is Robert Marleau.


Past Information Commissioners of Canada

  • John Mercer Reid (1998-2005)


External links

  • Office of the Information Commissioner of Canada

Curve of spee curve may be

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In Anatomy, the Curve of Spee (called also von Spee’s curve or “Spee’s curvature”) is defined as the curvature of the mandibular occlusal plane beginning at the tip of the lower cuspid and following the buccal cusps of the posterior teeth, continuing to the terminal molar. According an another definition c. of Spee is an anatomic curvature of the occlusal alignment of teeth, beginning at the tip of the lower canine, following the buccal cusps of the natural premolars and molars, and continuing to the anterior border of the ramus.
Ferdinand Graf von Spee, German embryologist, (1855–1937) was first to describe anatomic relations of human teeth in the sagittal plane.

The pull of the main muscle of mastication the “masseter” is at a perpendicular angle with the curve of Spee to adapt for favorable loading of force on the teeth.

The Curve of Spee is, essentially, a series of slipped contact points. It is of importance to orthodontists as it may contribute to an increased overbite. Larry Andrews, in his important paper: Six Keys to Normal Occlusion (1972), stated that a flat or mild curve of Spee was essential to an ideal occlusion.

Boehm syndrome links ACUVUE Contact Lenses

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Boehm Syndrome is a symptom-specific map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy of the cornea.

The epithelium is separated from the stroma by a membrane. In map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy, this membrane develops abnormally exhibiting a map-like appearance or perhaps opaque dots. Sometimes lines are formed that resemble small fingerprints. In some cases, this irregular structure can lead to painful epithelial erosions.


Symptoms

In Boehm Syndrome, recurrent epithelial erosions occur only when the eyelids are opened after some period of sleep. Recurrent corneal erosions may happen at any time of night or day. Boehm Syndrome does not. It occurs only when the inside of the eyelid tears away epithelial cells after minutes or hours of sleep. This may expose nerve endings, causing moderate to severe pain for hours or days. Once the erosions begin, even periods of brief sleep can exacerbate the problem.

Patients may describe the sensation as “my eyelids stick to my eyes when I try to open them, which is immediately followed by intense pain“. In some cases, this syndrome may disappear after one or more episodes. For others, it may be a lifelong disease.


Treatment

Treatment may include some of the standard procedures used on corneal erosions, like corneal abrasion.

There has been some success with the use of highly permeable extended-wear contact lenses worn only during sleep. These lenses, often referred to as “bandage lenses”, or “contact bandages” are prescribed with the lowest available prescription, as they simply act as a buffer between the surface of the cornea and the eyelids.


External links

  • Facts About the Cornea and Corneal Disease The National Eye Institute (NEI)

Aerobic oxygen

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Aerobic is an adjective that means “requiring air”, where “air” usually means oxygen.

Aerobic may also refer to:

  • Aerobic exercise, exercise of moderate intensity
  • Aerobics, a form of aerobic exercise
  • Aerobic respiration, the aerobic process of cellular respiration
  • Aerobic organism, a living thing with an oxygen-based metabolism


See also

  • Anaerobic

George Jessen ACUVUE Contact Lens

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George Jessen was an optometrist who was an early pioneer of the contact lens. He is credited with being on of the first to employ the concept of orthokeratology, a direct attempt to reduce refractive error with the use of a contact lens, under the term orthofocus.

Jessen received his training at the Chicago College of Optometry, now called the Illinois College of Optometry. In 1976, the Contact Lens Manufacturing Association awarded him the The Dr. Joseph Dallos Award for “outstanding contribution to the development and advancement of the contact lens industry and for service to humanity”.[1]

Jessen worked closely with his mentor, Newton K. Wesley and in 1978 the two won Food and Drug Administration approval of their hyrdogel soft contact lenses. Together they founded the Wesley-Jessen Corporation as well as the National Eye Research Foundation, which presents the Dr. George N. Jessen Award for Clinical Excellence each year at its annual meeting.


Reference

McQueen, Adrienn Orthokertaology Eyewitness No. 4 2003

Apochromat lenses

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An apochromat, or apochromatic lens (apo), is a photographic or other lens that has better color correction than the much more common achromat lenses. Chromatic aberration is the phenomenon of different colors focusing at different distances from a lens. In photography, it produces soft overall images, and color fringing at high-contrast edges, like an edge between black and white. Astronomers face similar problems, particularly with telescopes that use lenses rather than mirrors. Achromatic lenses are corrected to bring two wavelengths (typically red and blue) into focus in the same plane. Apochromatic lenses are designed to bring three wavelengths (typically red, green, and blue) into focus in the same planeWhat do APO and Apochromatic mean?. The residual color error (secondary spectrum) can be up to an order of magnitude less than for an achromatic lens of equivalent aperture and focal length. Apochromats are also corrected for spherical aberration at two wavelengths, rather than one as in an achromat.

Astronomical objectives for wide-band digital imaging must have apochromatic correction, as the optical sensitivity of typical CCD imaging arrays can extend from the ultraviolet through the visible spectrum and into the near infrared wavelength range. Apochromatic lenses for astrophotography in the 60-150 mm aperture range have been developed and marketed by several different firms, with focal ratios ranging from to 7. Focused and guided properly during the exposure, these apochromatic objectives are capable of producing the sharpest wide-field astrophotographs optically possible for the given aperture sizes.

Graphic arts process (copy) cameras generally use APO lenses for sharpest possible imagery as well. Classically-designed apochromatic process camera lenses generally have a maximum aperture limited to about 9. More recently, higher-speed APO lenses have been produced for medium format, digital and 35 mm cameras.

Apochromatic designs require optical glasses with special dispersive properties to achieve three color crossings. This is usually achieved using costly fluoro-crown glasses, abnormal flint glasses, and even optically transparent liquids with highly unusual dispersive properties in the thin spaces between glass elements. The temperature dependence of glass and liquid index of refraction and dispersion must be accounted for during apochromat design to assure good optical performance over reasonable temperature ranges with only slight re-focusing. Although apochromatic designs without anomalous dispersion glasses are possible they are usually not practical.


See also

  • Achromat


References


External links

  • Dpreview’s Chromatic Aberration related page

Nikkor lenses

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Nikkor is the brand of lenses produced by Nikon Corporation, including camera lenses for the Nikon F-mount.

The Nikkor brand was introduced by Nippon Kogaku K.K. (Nikon’s original corporate name) in 1937. Nikon originally reserved the Nikkor designation for its highest-quality imaging optics, but in recent history almost all Nikon lenses are so branded.

Notable Nikkor branded optics have included:

  • F-mount lenses for 35mm SLR and DSLR photography.
  • Lenses for Bronica and Plaubel Makina medium format cameras.
  • Lenses for Nikon S-series and Leica rangefinder cameras
  • Amphibious lenses for Nikonos underwater cameras
  • Lenses for large format photography.
  • EL-Nikkor photographic enlarger lenses.
  • The lens of Canon’s first or second camera, the “Hanza Canon.”
  • Microscope objectives.
  • Industrial lenses, including lenses in support of the Japanese war effort during World War II.

Among photographers, Nikkor is used most often in reference to Nikon’s F-mount photographic lenses. These lenses are designed to cover the 24×36mm area of the 135 film format, or in the case of “DX” designated lenses, the 23.7×15.7mm area of the Nikon DX format.

Contents


Products


Lenses for Nikon F-mount

Nikkors constitute the majority of lenses available for the Nikon F-mount, which is itself the largest system of interchangeable flange-mount photographic lenses in history. These lenses are designed for the 135 (35mm) and Nikon DX formats. Over 400 different F-mount Nikkor models are known to exist.

  • See Nikon F-mount → Nikkor


Lenses dedicated for other cameras

Note: The letter U, B, T, Q, P, H, S, O, N, or D immediately after the “Nikkor” name designates the number of elements in the design — Uns (1), Bini (2), Tres (3), Quatour (4), Pente (5), Hex (6), Septem (7), Octo (8), Novem (9), or Decem (10).


Nikon “S” rangefinder

  • 21mm 4 Nikkor-O
  • 25mm W-4.0 Nikkor
  • 28mm 3.5 Nikkor
  • 35mm 1.8 W-Nikkor
  • 35mm 2.5 W-Nikkor
  • 35mm 3.5 W-Nikkor
  • 50mm 1.1 Nikkor-N
  • 50mm 1.4 Nikkor-S
  • 50mm 2.0 Nikkor-H
  • 50mm 3.5 Micro-Nikkor (close focus)
  • 85mm 1.5 Nikkor-S
  • 85mm 2.0 Nikkor-P
  • 105mm 2.5 Nikkor-P
  • 105mm 4.0 Nikkor-P
  • 135mm 3.5 Nikkor-Q
  • 135mm 4.0 Nikkor
  • 180mm 2.5 Nikkor
  • 250mm 4 Nikkor-Q


Zenza Bronica SLR

  • 40mm 4 Nikkor-D
  • 50mm 3.5 Nikkor-H
  • 50mm 2.8 Nikkor-O
  • 75mm 2.8 Nikkor-P
  • 105mm 3.5LS Nikkor-Q
  • 135mm 3.5 Nikkor-Q
  • 200mm 4 Nikkor-P (two versions)
  • 300mm f/5.6 Nikkor-PC
  • 600mm 5.6 Nikkor-P

Leica “M” rangefinder

  • 35mm 1.8 W-Nikkor
  • 35mm 2.5 W-Nikkor
  • 50mm 1.4 Nikkor-S
  • 50mm 2 Nikkor-H
  • 85mm 2 Nikkor-P
  • 105mm 2.5 Nikkor-P
  • 135mm 3.5 Nikkor-Q
  • 135mm 3.5 Nikkor-P


Plaubel Makina

  • 80mm Nikkor (Makina 67/670)
  • 55mm 4.5 Nikkor (Makina 67W/670W)


Airesflex TLR

  • 7.5cm 3.5 Nikkor-Q (taking lens)
  • 7.5cm 3.2 View-Nikkor (viewing lens)


Marshal Press

  • 105mm 3.5 Nikkor-Q


Hanza Canon rangefinder

  • 50mm 3.5 “Kasyapa”


Nikonos


Lenses for large format photography


Nikkor-SW

4-group wide-angle lens series, consisting of 6, 7, or 8 elements, with a 105° angle of view.

  • 65mm 4 Nikkor-SW
  • 75mm 4.5 Nikkor-SW
  • 90mm 4.5 Nikkor-SW
  • 90mm 8 Nikkor-SW
  • 120mm 8 Nikkor-SW
  • 150mm 8 Nikkor-SW


Nikkor-W

6-element, 4-group series with angle of view of 70-73°.

  • 105mm 5.6 Nikkor-W
  • 135mm 5.6 Nikkor-W
  • 150mm 5.6 Nikkor-W
  • 180mm 5.6 Nikkor-W
  • 210mm 5.6 Nikkor-W
  • 240mm 5.6 Nikkor-W
  • 300mm 5.6 Nikkor-W
  • 360mm 6.5 Nikkor-W


Nikkor-M

Compact, 4-element, 3-group series with a 52-57° angle of view.

  • 105mm 3.5 Nikkor-M
  • 200mm 8 Nikkor-M
  • 300mm 9 Nikkor-M
  • 450mm 9 Nikkor-M

Nikkor-AM

8-element, 4-group aphochromatic macro series with a 55° angle of view, optimized for 1:1 reproduction.

  • 120mm 5.6 Nikkor-AM ED
  • 210mm 5.6 Nikkor-AM ED


Nikkor-T

Telephoto series. The 360 mm, 500 mm, 600 mm, and 720 mm rear elements are available separately.

  • 270mm 6.3 Nikkor-T ED
  • 360mm 8 Nikkor-T ED
  • 500mm 11 Nikkor-T ED
  • 600mm 9 Nikkor-T ED
  • 720mm 16 Nikkor-T ED
  • 800mm 12 Nikkor-T ED
  • 1200mm 18 Nikkor-T ED


Photographic enlarging lenses

The EL-Nikkor series are 6-element, 4-group enlarging lenses.

  • 40mm 4N EL-Nikkor
  • 50mm 2.8N EL-Nikkor
  • 50mm 4N EL-Nikkor
  • 63mm 2.8N EL-Nikkor
  • 75mm 4N EL-Nikkor
  • 80mm 5.6N EL-Nikkor
  • 105mm 5.6 EL-Nikkor
  • 135mm 5.6 EL-Nikkor
  • 150mm 5.6 EL-Nikkor
  • 180mm 5.6A EL-Nikkor
  • 210mm 5.6A EL-Nikkor
  • 300mm 5.6 EL-Nikkor

4-element, 3-group enlarging lens


References and external links

  • A brief history of Nikkor lenses
  • Nikkor lenses and serial numbers
  • Nikkor lens acronyms explained
  • Reviews of Nikkor lenses
  • Links to information about Nikkor lenses
  • “Red Book” of industrial and other rare Nikkor lenses
  • History of Nikon
  • Nikkor lenses for medium format
  • Nikon lenses for Leica
  • Leica mount lenses (includes Nikkors)
  • Nikon rangefinder lens information and price guide
  • Lenses for Nikon rangefinder mount
  • Squidoo : Explore Lenses These lenses took only 10 minutes to create. It's fast and free to get started. Why have a lens? Roll over the images below to find out.
  • Curtin's Guide to Digital Cameras-Contents Lens Information; Choosing Focal Lengths; Zoom Lenses; Normal Lenses; Short Focal Lengths; Long Focal Lengths; Depth of Field Preview; Depth of Field Scales
  • Lenses - DPChallenge Lenses Search Lenses! Enter a model name or partial model name, then click search. Select one or more manufacturers to narrow your search. Beroflex (1) Canon (103)
  • Contact lens - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Theatrical contact lenses are a type of cosmetic contact lens that are used . Rigid gas permeable lenses are very durable and may last for several years
  • Nikon Imaging | Products | Line Up | NIKKOR Lenses AF NIKKOR lenses work with Nikon SLRs for optimal performance, even the very latest. This series provides a broad selection of lenses to suit all
  • Understanding Camera Lenses Understanding camera lenses can help add more creative control to digital photography. Choosing the right lens for the task can become a complex trade-off
  • Consumer Guide to Contact Lenses Learn about types of contact lenses, best places to buy, 30-day wear, special effects, colors, bifocals, contacts for astigmatism and solving comfort

Natural History Museum, Leiden abbreviated

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The National Museum of Natural History,Leiden or Naturalis, originated from the merger of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie (abbreviated RMNH) and the Rijksmuseum van Geologie en Mineralogie (abbreviated RGM) in 1984.
It has approximately 13 million zoological and geological specimens. The collections are stored in a 60 meter high tower, a landmark in Leiden opened in April 1998.

Official Website

Plano-convex if contact lenses

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Plano-convex is most commonly used to refer to:

  • Plano-convex lenses, in optics; see Lens (optics)#Types of lenses
  • The plano-convex type of mudbrick, used by the ancient Sumerians

Leica APO-Macro-Elmarit-R 100mm f/2.8 lenses

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This Leica lens remains in the eyes of many, one of the top 5 lenses in the Leica R lens system.

SNCF Class BB 16500 Lens

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The SNCF Class BB 16500 electric locomotives were built by Alsthom between 1958-1964.

Sean Bean ACUVUE

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Sean Mark Bean (born Shaun Mark Bean, 17 April 1959) is a British film and stage actor. Bean has also acted in a number of television productions as well as performing voice work for computer games and television adverts. As an actor, he adopted the Celtic spelling “Sean” of his first name.

Bean has played a wide range of roles, from villains to heroes. He is probably best playing flawed heroes. He is best known for his roles as Boromir in The Lord of the Rings, James Bond’s adversary Alec Trevelyan in GoldenEye and Odysseus in Troy. His portrayal as Richard Sharpe in the television series Sharpe has also earned him high acclaim in the United Kingdom.

Contents


Early life

Sean Mark Bean was born to Brian and Rita Bean in Handsworth district of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Bean’s father owned a steel plating business, which he had set up with a colleague. The business employed a total of 50 people. Bean’s mother worked as a secretary. He has a younger sister named Lorraine. Despite becoming relatively wealthy (his father owned a Rolls Royce Silver Shadow), the family never moved away from the council estate, because they preferred to remain close to friends and family.

As a child, Bean smashed a glass door due to an argument over scissors. A piece of the glass embedded in his leg and left a large scar and briefly impeded his walking. In 1975, Bean left Brook Comprehensive school with two O Levels in Art and English. Bean’s childhood accident prevented him from pursuing his love of football professionally (although he would later carry out this fantasy in film). After a job selling cheese at a supermarket and another clearing snow for the council, Bean started working for his father’s firm with a day release at Rotherham College of Arts and Technology doing a welding course. While at Rotherham, after stumbling on an arts class, Bean decided to pursue his interest in art. After attending courses at two other colleges, one for half a day and the other for less than a week, he returned to Rotherham College, where he came across a drama course that he subsequently signed up for. After some college plays and one at Rotherham Civic Theatre, he applied and auditioned for a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA), which he won.


Career


Early career

He graduated from RADA in 1983 having won the Silver Medal for his performance in Waiting for Godot. He made his professional acting début in 1983 at the Watermill Theatre in Newbury, Berkshire as Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet. His early work involved a mixture of stage and screen work. His first national exposure came in an advert for non-alcoholic lager. Between 1986 and 1988 he toured the country with the Royal Shakespeare Company doing productions of Romeo And Juliet, Fair Maid of the West, and A Midsummer Night’s Dream. He appeared in his first film in 1986 when he played Ranuccio Thomasoni in Derek Jarman’s film Caravaggio he then reunited with the director on War Requiem in 1988 which also starred Lord Laurence Olivier.

During the late 80s and early 90s he became an established actor on British television. He had notable performances in the BBC productions Clarissa and Lady Chatterley. His role in the latter became infamous for the sex scenes between him and Joely Richardson. In 1990 Bean co-starred with Richard Harris in Jim Sheridan’s adaption of the John. B. Keane play, The Field.


Sharpe

Main article: Sharpe

However it was the character Richard Sharpe that he would become most associated with. Bean was the first choice to play Sharpe, but was unavailable, so the part went to Paul McGann. Two days into filming, however, McGann was injured in a football match, and while the producers initially tried to work around his injury, eventually he was replaced with Bean, who was by then available.http://www.tv.com/sharpe/sharpes-rifles/episode/197764/summary.html The 14-episode Sharpe television series was based on Bernard Cornwell’s novels about the Napoleonic Wars and started with Sharpe’s Rifles. The series followed the fortunes of Richard Sharpe as he rose from Sergeant to Lieutenant Colonel by the time of the Battle of Waterloo. It ran from 1993 to 1997 with 3 episodes produced each year. This established him as a household name in the UK. After several years of rumours, another one-off episode, called Sharpe’s Challenge, was aired in April 2006. Bean also played the role of Lord Richard Fenton in the TV Miniseries Scarlett based on the sequel to Margaret Mitchell’s Gone with the Wind.


Cracking Hollywood

His first notable Hollywood appearance was as an Irish republican terrorist in the 1992 film adaptation of Patriot Games.

This would be the first of several villains that he would portray. He became Alec Trevelyan (MI6’s 006), the major villain of the 1995 James Bond film GoldenEye, minor antagonist Spence in Ronin (1998), a wife-beating ex-con in Essex Boys (2000), the malevolent kidnapper-jewel thief in Don’t Say a Word (2001) and the greedy treasure hunter in National Treasure (2004).

In 1996 he finally achieved his childhood dream of playing for Sheffield United, albeit as Jimmy Muir in the film When Saturday Comes. Although the film was not critically acclaimed, Sean Bean got credit for a good performance.

His perhaps most widely seen role was as Boromir in The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, although his only major part was in the first of the films, only appearing briefly in the extended edition of The Two Towers, and a flashback in The Return of the King. Due to his fear of flying he was reluctant to take the helicopters out to remote mountain locations while filming for The Fellowship of the Ring. After a particularly rough ride, he vowed not to fly to a location again, and in one instance he chose to take a ski lift into the mountains and then hike the final few miles, all in full costume. As a reference to promos he made for the Sharpe series, Boromir cuts himself on Isildur’s sword and mutters, “Still sharp”.


Life after The Lord of the Rings

Later roles gave more scope for his acting abilities. He became the repentant Grammaton cleric who gives in to his emotions in Equilibrium in 2002, a quirky alien cowboy in 2003’s The Big Empty, a sympathetic and cunning Odysseus in the 2004 film Troy, a villainous treasure hunter Ian Howe in National Treasure, a villainous scientist in The Island (2005) and a sympathetic soul in North Country (2005) , in which Bean converted his naturally heavy Sheffield accent into that of Minnesota slang, and a dedicated father in Silent Hill.

He was cameoed with a myriad of other Hollywood stars in Moby’s music video We Are All Made of Stars in February 2002. In the same year he returned to the stage in London performing in Macbeth alongside Samantha Bond. Due to popular demand, the production would run until March 2003.

Sean’s high profile and recognisable voice has created a number of opportunities for doing voice over work, especially in the British advertising industry. He has featured in television adverts for O2, Morrisons and Barnardos as well as for Acuvue and the Sci-Fi Channel in the United States. He also does the voice over for the National Blood Service’s television and radio campaign. He also voiced Martin Septim in the Role Playing video game The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion.

Sean has completed a one hour pilot, called Faceless, for American television. He has also appeared in Outlaw, an independent British production, and a remake of The Hitcher (released in
January 2007), in which he put on an American accent again. He is currently in Norway filming another independent film called Far North.

In 2005, he played “Captain Rich” in Flightplan.

As of 2006 two films in pre-production will reportedly star Sean Bean. Come like Shadows is an adaptation of Macbeth. He also starred in a recent production of Macbeth on the London stage with Samantha Bond as Lady Macbeth with much critical success. Information released about another play adaptation, this one from Oscar Wilde’s A Woman of No Importance, states that it will feature Sean Bean. Both films are set to start production sometime in the autumn of 2007. He has said that he would like to appear in Coronation Street (joking that he could be the milkman). He has also stated that he would like to do some wildlife presenting sometime in the future.

In Sept. 2007, he was in Chicago filming the independent thriller Root of All Evil.


Image

Often described as down-to-earth, Sean Bean has retained his Sheffield accent despite now living in London. He is also described as a sex symbol; he was voted the UK’s second sexiest man in 2004. He admits he doesn’t mind being considered the ladies’ “bit of rough”.

He has developed a reputation as a loner, a label he considers unfair. In addition, he has been accused of being a chauvinist; this originated after his second wife claimed he watched too much football, spent too much time in the pub and left clothes about the house.


Acting style

Despite being professionally trained, Sean Bean adopts an instinctive style of acting. He has said in interviews that the most difficult part is at the start of filming when trying to understand the character. After achieving this he can snap in and out of character instantly. This ability to go from the quiet man on set to the warrior figure “amazed” Sean Astin during filming of The Fellowship of the Ring.Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, Cast Commentary, region 2 Other fans include the directors Mike Figgis (Stormy Monday) and Wolfgang Petersen (Troy) who described working with him as a “beautiful thing”.


Personal life

He has been married and subsequently divorced three times: His first marriage was to high-school sweetheart Debra James on 11 April 1981, which broke up when he moved to London to attend RADA; then to actress Melanie Hill, between 27 February 1990 and August 1997, with whom he shares daughters Lorna and Molly; he then married Sharpe co-star Abigail Cruttenden on 22 November 1997, mother of his third daughter Evie Natasha; they divorced in July 2000. He describes himself as quiet. Although he admits he can be a workaholic, in his spare time he likes relaxing with a book or listening to music. He is also a keen gardener. He states in interviews that he is not into showbiz parties.

Bean’s first love was football and he has been a passionate Sheffield United supporter from a young age (he now has a tattoo on his left shoulder that reads 100% Blade). He is now a director of the club. He also wrote the foreword and helped promote a book of anecdotes called Sheffield United:The Biography. He also follows Yorkshire County Cricket Club.

He is an admirer of Tony Benn.


Awards and honours

Sean Bean is yet to receive a major individual award in the film industry. However he did receive 3 separate awards as part of the ensemble cast in Return of the King: from the Screen Actors Guild, the National Board of Review and the Broadcast Film Critics Association, all in 2004.

He was reportedly considered for an Oscar nomination for his Role in North Country, which was considered to be one of his best performances for years, eventually Woody Harrelson got the nod ahead of Bean.

In his home city of Sheffield he received an honorary doctorate from Sheffield Hallam University in 1997. He was also selected as one of the inaugural members of Sheffield Legends, the Sheffield equivalent of the Hollywood Walk of Fame. He is to have a plaque in his honour placed in front of Sheffield Town Hall.

He received an honorary degree in English Literature from The University of Sheffield on 20th July 2007.


Filmography

Year Film Role
1986 Caravaggio Ranuccio
1988 Stormy Monday Brendan
1989 How to Get Ahead in Advertising Larry Frisk
1989 War Requiem German Soldier
1990 The Field Tadgh McCabe
1991 Clarissa Robert Lovelace
1992 Patriot Games Sean Miller
1993 Sharpe’s Rifles Lieutenant Richard Sharpe
Sharpe’s Eagle Captain Richard Sharpe
Lady Chatterley Oliver Mellors
1994 Sharpe’s Company Captain Richard Sharpe
Sharpe’s Enemy Major Richard Sharpe
Sharpe’s Honour Major Richard Sharpe
Black Beauty Farmer Grey
1995 Sharpe’s Gold Major Richard Sharpe
Sharpe’s Battle Major Richard Sharpe
Sharpe’s Sword Major Richard Sharpe
GoldenEye Alec Trevelyan
1996 When Saturday Comes Jimmy Muir
Sharpe’s Regiment Major Richard Sharpe
Sharpe’s Siege Major Richard Sharpe
Sharpe’s Mission Major Richard Sharpe
1997 Anna Karenina Vronsky
Sharpe’s Revenge Major Richard Sharpe
Sharpe’s Justice Major Richard Sharpe
Sharpe’s Waterloo Lieutenant Colonel Richard Sharpe
1998 Ronin Spence
1999 Extremely Dangerous Neil Byrne
Bravo Two Zero Andy McNab
2000 Essex Boys Jason Locke
2001 The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring Boromir
Don’t Say a Word Patrick Koster
2002 The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (extended edition) Boromir
Equilibrium Partridge
Tom and Thomas Paul Shepherd
2003 The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King Boromir
The Big Empty Cowboy
2004 Pride Dark (voice)
National Treasure Ian Howe
Troy Odysseus
2005 North Country Kyle
Flightplan Captain Rich
The Island Dr. Merrick
2006 The Dark Sarah’s father James
Silent Hill Chris DeSilva
The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion (video game) Martin Septim (voice)
Sharpe’s Challenge Richard Sharpe
2007 The Hitcher John Ryder
Outlaw Danny Bryant
2008 Far North (post-production) Loki
A Woman of No Importance (announced) Lord Illingworth
Come Like Shadows (announced) Macbeth


References


External links

  • Premiere Magazine: Sean Bean Interview

January 30, 2008

Cooke triplet lenses

Filed under: Uncategorized — admin @ 11:08 pm

The Cooke triplet is a photographic lens design designed and patented in 1893 by Dennis Taylor who was employed as chief engineer by Cooke of York. It was the first lens system that allows elimination of most of the optical distortion or aberration at the outer edge of lenses.

A Cooke triplet comprises a negative flint glass element in the centre with a crown glass element on each side. In this design, the sum of all the curvatures times indices of refraction can be zero, so that the field of focus is flat. In other words, the negative lens can be as strong as the outer two combined, when one measures in diopters. Yet the lens will converge light, because the rays strike the middle element close to the optic axis. The curvature of field is determined by the sum of the diopters, but the focal length is not.

It was at that time a major advancement in lens design. The triplet design was made obsolete by later designs on high end cameras, but remains widely used up to this day on cheap cameras.

Despite the fact that the Cooke design was patented in 1893 it seems that the use of achromatic triplet designs in astronomy appeared as early as 1765. The 1911 encyclopedia Britanica wrote:

The triple object-glass, consisting of a combination of two convex lenses of crown glass with a concave flint lens between them, was introduced in 1765 by Peter, son of, John Dollond, and many excellent telescopes of this kind were made by him.

A similar design is used in the strong focusing synchrotron, invented first by Nicholas Christofilos in 1949, but his work was not known in the U.S., where parallel development took place.


See also

  • Achromatic lens
  • Chromatic aberration


External links

  • Strong focussing synchrotron

Focus free lens Lens

Filed under: Uncategorized — admin @ 10:37 pm

A focus free lens is a photographic lens whose focal point is fixed at its hyperfocal distance. Rather than having a method of determining the correct focusing distance and setting the lens to that focal point, a focus free lens relies on depth of field to produce acceptably sharp images. Most cameras with focus free lenses also have a relatively small aperture which increases the depth of field. Cameras with these lenses generally use a viewfinder for composition.

The advantage of this design is that it can be produced very inexpensively, more so than automatic or manual systems. The system is also effectively automatic; the photographer need not worry about focusing. It can also be more predictable than automatic systems.

The disadvantages are the fact that lenses of this type produces images that are less sharp than a lens that has been set to the best focal point for a given scene, and they are unable to produce sharp images of objects close to the camera, usually within 8-12 feet. The latter limitation makes them unsuitable for portraits, as they cannot fill the frame of an image with a person’s face and render it sharp at the same time. This limitation is likely to confuse inexperienced photographers.

Focus free lenses are used in the lowest-end and cheapest cameras; disposable and low-end point and shoot cameras. They are usually wide angle with fixed aperture.

Zoom-lens reflex camera Contact Lens Summary and

Filed under: Uncategorized — admin @ 10:15 pm

Zoom lens reflex might refer to an SLR (or dSLR) type camera with a zoom lens which can not be removed. No such camera models are currently in production, as all fixed lens cameras either use an electronic viewfinder (EVF), or a separate optical finder. Most famous were Olympus IS-series cameras.

Since no such cameras exist, the term is not generally used.


See also

  • Single Lens Reflex
  • EVF
  • dSLR

Aphakia Contact Lens

Filed under: Uncategorized — admin @ 8:27 pm

Aphakia is the absence of the lens of the eye, due to surgical removal, a perforating wound or ulcer, or congenital anomaly. It causes a loss of accommodation, hyperopia, and a deep anterior chamber. Complications include detachment of the vitreous or retina, and glaucoma.

Aphakic people are reported to be able to see ultraviolet wavelengths that are normally excluded by the lens. This may have had an effect on the colors perceived by artist Claude Monet, who had cataract surgery in 1923.


Treatment

Aphakia could be corrected by wearing glasses, contact lenses or by implant of an artificial lens (pseudo-phakia).


References


External links

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