Contact lenses articles

April 30, 2008

Public data transmission service and oxygen transmission.

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In telecommunication, a public data transmission service is a data transmission service that is established and operated by a telecommunication administration, or a recognized private operating agency, and uses a public data network.

Note: A public data transmission service may include circuit-switched, packet-switched, and leased-circuit data transmission.

Source: From Federal Standard 1037C

Madelung’s deformity the radius

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Madelung’s deformity is usually characterized by malformed wrists and wrist bones and short stature. It is also known as Leri Weill Syndrome. It has only been recognized within the past hundred years, and occurs due to a genetically recessive gene.

Contents


Presentation

It is a congenital subluxation or dislocation of the ulna’s lower end, due to malformation of the bones. Sometimes, minor abnormalities of other bone structures, often caused by disease or injury, such as a fracture of the lower end of the radius with upward displacement of the lower fragment. The deformity varies in degree from a slight protrusion of the lower end of the ulna, to complete dislocation of the inferior radio-ulnar joint with marked radial deviation of the hand. Severe deformities are associated with congenital absence or hypoplasia of the radius.


Notable cases

Famed rock ‘n’ roll guitarist Jimi Hendrix is said to have had the deformity.


Treatment

The operation consists of excision of the lower end of the ulna; in severe cases of marked radial deviation, it may be necessary also to fuse the radius to the carpus in order to gain correction.


Eponym

It is named for Otto Madelung.O. W. Madelung. Die spontane Subluxation der Hand nach Vorne. Verhandlungen der deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie, Berlin, 1878, 7: 259-276.


See also

  • Léri-Weill dyschondrosteosis


References

April 29, 2008

Theatre consultant facilities

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A Theatre Consultant is a consultant who specializes in the design of facilities for the performing arts, equipment for those facilities and the operation of theatre.

Professional consultants provide unbiased, functionally sound, practical consulting and design services for performance and public assembly facilities of all kinds. Architects and owners use their expertise to program, plan and help with the construction of these kinds of complicated buildings. Their professional organization in the United States is the American Society of Theatre Consultants (ASTC).


External links

  • ASTC website
  • Drama desigh website
  • Theatre Consultants Collaborative Website
  • Landry & Bogan, Inc., Theatre Consultants website

DAKOTA a parameter of

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For other meanings of the word including the United States states please see Dakota

The Design Analysis Kit for Optimization and Terascale Applications (DAKOTA) is a software toolkit developed by engineers at Sandia National Laboratories to provide a flexible, extensible interface between analysis codes and iterative systems analysis methods. DAKOTA contains optimization algorithms using gradient and nongradient-based methods, parameter estimation with nonlinear least squares methods, uncertainty quantification with sampling, reliability, and stochastic finite element methods, and sensitivity/variance analysis with design of experiments and parameter study capabilities.


External links

  • The DAKOTA Project

April 28, 2008

Ross (optics) lenses

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Ross is the name of a succession of London-based lens designers and their company.

Andrew Ross (1798–1859) founded his company in 1830, from 1840 producing camera lenses signed “A. Ross”. Particularly during Andrew Ross’s lifetime, the company was one of the foremost lens companies. In the twentieth century, Ross continued to produce lenses, but also produced binoculars, epidiascopes, etc.

After World War II Ross produced lenses for Ensign, MPP, and other cameras.

Ross was taken over by Avimo in 1975; Avimo was later taken over by Thales Optics.


Source

Wilkinson, Matthew, and Colin Glanfield. A lens collector’s vade mecum. (CD publication) “Version 7/5/2001″ (7 May 2001).

April 27, 2008

One-click hosting and Comparison - Official

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One-click hosting generally describes web services that allow an internet user to easily upload one or many of any type of file from their hard drive onto the one-click hosters server free of charge to have it hosted.

Most such services simply return a URL which can be given to other people, who can then fetch the file later on. As of 2005 these sites have drastically increased in popularity, and subsequently, many of the smaller, less efficient sites have failed. Many internet forums exist in order to share such links; this type of file sharing has, to a degree, taken over from P2P services.


Comparison of one-click hosters

The Exchange exchange

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The Exchange may mean:

  • The Exchange (album), a 1999 split album by the punk bands Against All Authority and The Criminals
  • The Exchange (book), a non-fiction book about the Winnipeg grain exchange by Allan Levine
  • The Exchange (crime syndicate), an organized crime syndicate in the Knights of the Old Republic video game
  • The Exchange (studio), a recording studio
  • The Exchange (Canada), an interbank ATM network in Canada
  • The Exchange, Bristol, a Grade I listed building in Bristol used as a corn exchange
  • The exchange (chess), trading a bishop or a knight for a rook
  • The Exchange is a small area just south of The Octagon in Dunedin, New Zealand
  • Hazlitt Theatre, also known as The Exchange and The Corn Exchange, Maidstone
  • The Exchange, Maryland, a historic building
  • The Exchange (TV), a business show in English on Malaysian TV
  • The Exchange, Tianjin, a shopping mall


See also

  • Exchange
  • Corn exchange

Raheen Limerick

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This article is about the suburb, for the mansion, see Raheen (estate) or to Raheen County Wexford

Raheen is a suburban district in Limerick City, Ireland. It is the home of many international companies within the are called Raheen Industrial Estate. The Midwestern Heath board, county Limerick, the [Regional Hospital is also situated within this Limerick sub-urban district from where a multitude of essential health services are dispensed catering for the population of the region of the Mid-west.


Flagship eco-friendly school

Its new eco-friendly school was opened in December 2001. Built well above standard specifications, it makes excellent use of natural light, with the 3 classrooms all facing south.

Rainwater is collected, sanitised and used with only a minimum amount of mains water being usedOfficial site.


Industry

Raheen Industrial Estate is an industrial estate located in the south west of Limerick city with many multi-national companies set up there, including Analog Devices and Dell.
Atari, one of the world’s oldest video gaming companies, formerly had their European headquarters in the estate.


References

Bitemporal hemianopia Vision

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Bitemporal hemianopia is a specific type of visual disturbance in which sight in the outer half of the visual field of each eye is lost. As a result, the patient retains central vision but loses sight at the edges of his or her vision. This is not always obvious to him or her, even when the damage is quite severe on objective testing, because one tends to focus attention more on objects in the centre of the visual field.

Bitemporal hemianopia is usually caused by a lesion of the pituitary gland, most commonly a benign tumor pressing on the optic chiasm. Because it is the inner (medial) part of the retina which receives light from the outer visual field, this is what is lost when the inner part of the optic nerve is damaged by such a lesion.

Hemianopia signifies a loss of half of the visual field, and bitemporal denotes the two lateral, or temporal, sides of the head. By contrast, homonymous hemianopia signifies that the same half of each visual field is lost, ie all vision on the left, or on the right, of the midline. Such a pattern of visual loss is caused by damage to the more distal part of the optic radiation, most commonly by a stroke.

April 26, 2008

Just in Sequence All of Vistakon’s manufacturing

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Just in Sequence (JIS) is a further progression over Just In Time.

Not only are the parts used for production delivered just when they are needed, they are also delivered in the correct order, i.e. in the same sequence as the sequence of the manufacturing orders. JIS is in use predominantly in the automobile manufacturing. The respective control system is called sequence inlining system.

In Lean terms this means producing components in the order in which they were consumed. This can become important where inventory levels are low and production variability is low. Under these circumstances the oldest ‘order’ (or consumption) will be the first to need more of the component hence early replenishment is key to maintaining flow and low inventory.

Teleconverter Lenses Information about ACUVUE

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A teleconverter is a secondary lens which is mounted between the camera and a photographic lens. Its job is to enlarge the central part of an image obtained by the objective lens. For example a 2× teleconverter enlarges the central 12×18 mm part of an image to the size of 24×36 mm. Teleconverters are typically made in 1.4×, 2× and 3× models.

The use of a 2× teleconverter (or doubler) gives the effect of using lens with twice the focal length. It also decreases the intensity of the light reaching the film by the factor of 4 (an equivalent of doubling the focal ratio) as well as the resolution (by the factor of 2).

Teleconverter works similarly to a telephoto group of a proper telephoto lens. It consists of a group of lenses which together act as a single diverging lens. The location of a teleconverter is such that the image produced by the objective is located behind the teleconverter in a distance smaller than its focal length. This image is a virtual object of the teleconverter which is then focused further away and thus enlarged. For example when a single negative lens is placed so that the image formed by the objective is located in the midpoint between the lens and its focal point the lens produces the image in its focal point enlarging it two times thus acting as a 2× teleconverter.

Dedicated teleconverters only work with a limited number of lenses, usually telephoto lenses made by the same manufacturer.

The use of objective with teleconverter is less expensive than telephoto lens but also introduces some aberrations.

Arbogast & Bastian plant located in

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Arbogast & Bastian was the name of a former meat packing/slaughterhouse located in Allentown, Pennsylvania. The plant was also called A & B Meats. The plant which was located at the corner of Hamilton Street & Front Street no longer stands. The plant was torn down during the late 1990s by the city of Allentown to make room for the Lehigh Landing project; only the administration building remains as the other buildings were torn down. The plant was serviced by the Lehigh Valley Railroad, in fact, the plant was built next to the LVRR tracks near the Lehigh River. America On Wheel Museum is being constructed on the site of the former A & B plant. When completed this museum of over-the-road transportation will house over 23,000 SF of exhhibits featuring bicycles, motorcycles, automobiles and several trucks being lent to the museum by Mack Trucks, Inc.

The plant was founded by Wilson Arbogast & Morris Clinton Bastian. It operated for many years but was shutdown years ago.

Edit (MS-DOS) of Ireland. edit External

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edit, also known as MS-DOS Editor, is a text editor which comes with MS-DOS (since version 5) and Microsoft Windows. Originally (up to MS-DOS 6.22) it was just a short stub that started QBasic in editor mode. Since DOS 7 (Windows 95) QBasic was removed and the MS-DOS Editor became a standalone program. Although it kept the COM file extension for compatibility, it is actually an EXE.

edit.com is sometimes used as a substitute for Notepad on Windows 9x, where Notepad is limited to small files only. edit.com can edit files that are up to 65,279 lines and up to approximately 5MB in size (MS-DOS versions are limited to approximately 300–400KB, depending on how much conventional memory is free). edit can be launched by typing it into the RUN box on Windows, and by typing edit into the command line interface (usually cmd.exe).


Features

  • Can edit up to 9 files at a time (Windows 9x versions only, DOS versions are limited to a single file at a time). The screen can be split vertically into 2 windows, each of which can display a different file.
  • Customizable color scheme
  • Files can be opened in “binary mode”, where a fixed number of characters are displayed per line, and newlines are treated as any other character.
  • UNIX newlines are converted to DOS newlines.
  • text user interface
  • Mouse support

Some of these features were added only in 1995 (version 2.0), with the release of Windows 95.


Limitations

  • Outside of binary mode, tabs get converted to spaces, and UNIX newlines are converted to DOS newlines.
  • Does not support Unicode.
  • DOS versions (for MS-DOS 6.22 and older) lack proper support for binary files, multiple files and are limited to using only the first 640KB of RAM, like any other MS-DOS real mode program.
  • Does not directly support USB printers, this can be fixed by adding it as a network printer though.


See also

  • List of DOS commands

April 25, 2008

Nikon 50 mm f/1.8D AF Nikkor Lenses Information about

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The Nikon 50 mm f/1.8D AF Nikkor is one of Nikon’s 50 mm lenses. A 50 mm prime lens is the normal lens for the 35 mm format. On a Nikon DX format DSLR, a 50 mm lens is cropped to the angle of a view of a short telephoto lens (~75 mm equivalent; field-of-view crop is 1.54). Prime lenses can be cheaper and easier to manufacture than zoom lenses and may have better optical characteristics compared with zoom lenses of comparable price. The combination of low cost and high optical quality makes this a popular lens among many photographers. When used on DX format cameras the resulting angle of view along with its large aperture also make it a lens suitable for portraiture.

With a reverse coupler, one can also reverse mount this lens on to a camera or reverse mount it in front of another lens to use it for macro shots.

Contents


Lens specifications

  • Focal Length : 50 mm
  • Maximum Aperture : f/1.8
  • Focus Distance : 1.5 ft. (0.45 m) to Infinity
  • Maximum Reproduction Ratio : 0.15
  • Filter Attachment Size : 52 mm
  • Dimensions : 2.5 x 1.5 in.
  • Weight : Approx. 5.5 ounces
  • Aperture ring: does have (non-G-type Nikkor lens)
  • Distance information: does transmit (D-type Nikkor lens)
  • Front lens attachment element rotating while focusing: no
  • Lens coating: yes, Nikkor’s SIC designation
  • Lens mount: metal
  • Integrated AF motor: none, focusing is done by the camera body through mechanical coupling (if available)


External link


Official sites

  • Nikon 50 mm f/1.8D AF at Nikon USA’s Website


Reviews of this lens

  • Nikon 50 mm f/1.8D AF Review at Bjorn Rorslett’s site - Scroll down page for listing.
  • Nikon AF 50mm f/1.8D Imatest review Photozone.

Base conversion divisibility test smaller base

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The base conversion divisibility test is a process that can be used to determine whether or not a certain (positive) natural number a can be divided evenly into a larger natural number b. It is the general case for the well-known test for divisibility by nine. For other divisors, applying this test is generally harder than figuring it out by normal division.

Contents


The Method

  1. Add 1 to a. Call this x.
  2. Convert b to base x. Call this y. (See the note below for handling bases greater than 10.)
  3. Add (in base-10) each separate digit in y. Call this z.
  4. If z / a (in base-10) equals any natural number, then b / a equals a natural number, and b is therefore divisible by a.

Note: When x is 11 or greater, it’s easiest to not use hexadecimal-style letters in the converted number. Rather, use the two (or more) digits together as one digit. So that you know that they are one digit, put them in parentheses or brackets. For example, convert 638 to base-20 as 1(11)(18). The “digits” then sum as 1 + 11 + 18 = 30.


Example

Is 312 evenly divisible by 13?

a = 13
b = 312
x = a + 1 = 14
y = b (base-14) = 184
z = 1 + 8 + 4 = 13
z / a = 13 / 13 = 1 = a natural number

312 is evenly divisible by 13.


Dividing by nine

The trick for determining if a number is divisible by nine is well-known: If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by nine, then the number itself is as well. This is a special case of the general rule, made easy because no base conversion is necessary since 9 + 1 = 10, and we already use base 10.

Example:

Is 2,340 evenly divisible by 9?

a = 9
b = 2,340
x = a + 1 = 10
y = b (base-10) = 2,340
z = 2 + 3 + 4 + 0 = 9
z / a = 9 / 9 = 1 = a natural number

2,340 is evenly divisible by 9.


Proof

Any number can be expressed as

<math>number_{(base)} = \sum_{i=0}^n {digits_i \times base^i}</math>

We know that under Modulo Arithmetic, <math>base \equiv_{(base - 1)} 1</math>

Thus <math>number \equiv_{(base-1)} \sum_{i=0}^n{digits_i} \times 1</math>

Thus, if the sum of the digits is equivalent to zero (divisible), the number itself is also equivalent to zero (also divisible).

Alternative information centre Information about

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The alternative information centres were a feature of the anarcho-pacifist attempt at social engineering from the bottom up which took place from the late 1960s to the mid-1970s and which was referred to as the alternative society. One of these centres was in West London and was called Bit, a name which came from the computer usage of the term. Another centre was in east London and was called simply East. The one in Manchester was called M.A.G.I.C. (Manchester Alternative General Information Centre) and there was also one in Glastonbury, Somerset.

The centres were promoted through the underground press alongside of the drugs information centre at Release.

April 24, 2008

Ballybrophy located in Limerick Republic

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Ballybrophy (Baile Uí Bhróithe in Irish) is a village in Laois, Ireland, with a population recorded in the 2002 census of 145. It forms part of the Borris-in-Ossory electoral area. It is best known for its railway station which is at a junction on the country’s main Dublin-Cork line.


Transport

Ballybrophy railway station is a connection point between the Dublin to Cork line and a line from Ballybrophy to Limerick. Trains wishing to cross from the Limerick to the Dublin line must perform time consuming reversals. The line is lightly travelled as an alternative routing via Limerick Junction is quicker and more comfortable due to newer track and fewer speed restrictions. The station opened on 1 September 1847

Due to the branch line’s turn south to meet the line at Ballybrophy, some of those who favour retaining the line have theorised that continuing the line east with a stop at the more populated Borris-in-Ossory, joining the line nearer Portlaoise would be better for Dublin connections. However, in addition to the substantial capital cost of this work, substantial parts of the line would still need to be relaid nearer Limerick to eliminate severe speed restrictions. Upgrades to the N7 road also dissuade rail usage.


See also

  • List of towns in the Republic of Ireland


References

Acuvue by Vistakon

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ACUVUE was the first-ever brand of disposable contact lenses, first marketed in 1986. They are made by Vistakon, a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson, headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida. All of Vistakon’s manufacturing facilities are located in the United States, with the exception of one plant located in Limerick, Republic of Ireland.


External links

  • ACUVUE Contact Lenses - Official Website
  • ACUVUE Contact Lens Summary and Comparison - Official Website
  • Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. (About the Manufacturer)
  • ACUVUE Contact Lenses (Information about all ACUVUE brand lenses)
  • ACUVUE Bifocal Contact Lenses (Information about ACUVUE contact lenses)

Demister (SCUBA) Contact Lenses Information about

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A demister is a substance applied to transparent surfaces to stop them from becoming fogged with mist deposit, often referred to as fog. Scuba divers often spit into their masks and then wash the surface quickly with water to prevent mist buildup that can impair vision. Several products are commercially available such as Sea Drops™ that are generally more effective. New masks lenses still have silicone on them from the manufacturing process, so it is recommended to clean the lenses with toothpaste, rinse the mask and then apply a demister solution.

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April 22, 2008

FCurve smaller base curve

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An FCurve (also written f-curve) is a function curve or the graph of a function. An example of a FCurve is a spline.

In the field of computer animation and especially in animation editors, e.g. Maya, an FCurve is an animation curve with a set of keyframes, which are represented as points, curve segments between keys, and tangents that control how curve segments enter and exit a key. These keys are laid out on a graph that displays their position relative to zero. One can have keys that are either positive or negative values.

This visual graph of keyframes allows one to see the value of the key and its interpolation to the next key, which shows the animation “ease ins” and “ease outs”.

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