Contact lenses articles

A contact network is a minimal social network in which people are not assumed to have any relationship other than to be able to contact each other - perhaps only to refer items of mutual interest in politics or business, that imply no longstanding collaboration or relationship or trust with each other.

Study of contact networks is central to advertising and marketing and political marketing and public relations in particular, since spreads of rumour and hearsay are thought to follow contact networks closely. A phone tree or buddy list for instance, especially when combined with technologies such as SMS and flash mobs, are well known ways to spread requests, rumours or news.

Unlike social networks, once the rumour is passed on, the ability to rein it in or restrict or qualify it may be very limited. Members of a contact network do not in general follow up claims or issues with each other as members of social networks do (or are thought to do).

Contact networks are also thought central to power network analysis because people ally, for purposes of achieving power (sociology), even with those with whom they have no social contact, do not like, and would otherwise not work with at all. A contact is thus something less even than a “weak friend” or acquaintance.

More than 200 such weak friends can exist in a true social network, but contact networks can be much larger - and are subject to such odd concepts as “customer relationship management.”

Technologically, contact networks have tended to expand with the ease of sending and receiving people’s contact information. Some semantic link conventions such as hCard have developed to facilitate just such a spread. Most Personal Information Manager tools also handle contact networks easily, even if they have poor facilities for handling relationships as social network services tend to specialize in.

Receiving or facilitating spam is thought to be often a consequence of having many contacts, as a penetrated email account can often be used to spread much of it, without the contact necessarily complaining to the sender, as they would in a true social network.

Dennis Bradford Banta, (born December 14, 1970 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana) is a retired American football tight end in the National Football League.

Professional career

Banta played from 1994 to 2004 for the Indianapolis Colts, New York Jets, Buffalo Bills and Detroit Lions.

College career

Banta played college football at the University of Southern California.

Personal

Banta is now the assitant coach at University of Tennesee, Chattanooga.

The Hubbert curve, named after the geophysicist M. King Hubbert, is the derivative of the logistic function:

<math>

x = {e^{-t}\over(1+e^{-t})^2}={1\over2+2\cosh t}.
</math>

The Hubbert curve has some resemblance to, but is different from, the shape of the probability density function of the normal distribution. It was popularised as a model of the rate of petroleum extraction. According to this model, the rate of production of oil is determined by the rate of new oil well discovery; a “Hubbert peak” in the oil extraction rate will thus be followed by a gradual decline of oil production.

For more information on petroleum exhaustion, see the Hubbert peak theory article.

External links

• The Hubbert Curve: Its Strengths And Weaknesses article by Jean Laherrère.
• The Hubbert Curve An explanation for beginners.

The Honda WOW (WOW stands for Wonderful Open-hearted Wagon) was a concept car created by the automobile division of Honda. The WOW was first introduced at the 2005 Tokyo Motor Show. The WOW was designed to fit the needs of both a person and their dog.

Design of the WOW

The WOW (which was built as just a design concept) was designed to fit the needs of both man and man’s best friend. The WOW was built with a low center of gravity, giving the WOW a more stable driving experience. This low center of gravity allows dogs to feel more comfortable in the WOW. The WOW makes driving comfortable for dogs because it additionally features wood-paneled floors. It also sports a state-of-the-art instrument panel featuring a lid that reveals a crate to carry smaller dogs. The WOW also features average ventilation and a center walk-through, allowing dogs to walk around the car.

References

• ConceptCarz.com Info for the Honda WOW

shows/tokyo/0510 tokyo 04+2006 honda wow concept+side view.jpg

Greentrax Recordings is an Edinburgh-based record label specialising in Scottish traditional music. They were founded in 1986 by former police inspector Ian Green. In 2001 he acquired the license to issue recordings from Culburnie Records. In 2001 the label issued historically important recordings from the School of Scottish Studies. Their best selling artists include Dick Gaughan and The Poozies.

See also

• List of record labels

External links

• Official site

In optics and photography, infinity focus is the state where a lens or other optical device forms an image of an object an infinite distance away. This corresponds to the point of focus for parallel rays. The image is formed at the focal point of the lens.

In practice, not all photographic lenses are capable of achieving infinity focus. A lens used with an adaptor for close-up focusing, for example, may not be able to focus to infinity.

A choice function is a mathematical function <math>f</math> whose domain <math>X</math> is a collection of nonempty sets such that for every <math>S</math> in <math>X</math>, <math>f(S)</math> is in <math>S</math>. In other words <math>f</math> chooses exactly one element from each set in <math>X</math>.

The axiom of choice (AC) states that every set of nonempty sets has a choice function. A weaker form of axiom of Choice, the axiom of countable choice (AC_ω) states that every countable set of nonempty sets has a choice function. However, in the absence of either AC or AC_ω, some sets can still be shown to have a choice function.

• If <math>X</math> is a finite set of nonempty sets, then one can construct a choice function for <math>X</math> by picking one element from each member of <math>X.</math> This requires only finitely many choices, so neither AC or AC_ω is needed.

• If every member of <math>X</math> is a well-ordered nonempty set, then it is possible to pick the least element of each member of <math>X.</math> In this case infinitely many choices may be required, but there is a rule for making the choices, so again neither AC or AC_ω is needed. The distinction between “well-ordered” and “well-orderable” is important here: if the members of <math>X</math> were merely well-orderable, it would be necessary to choose a well-ordering of each member, and this might require infinitely many arbitrary choices, and therefore AC (or AC_ω, if <math>X</math> were countably infinite).

• If every member of <math>X</math> is a nonempty set, and the union <math>\bigcup X</math> is well-orderable, then it is possible to choose a well-ordering for this union, and this induces a well-ordering on every member of <math>X</math>, so a choice function will exist as in the previous example. In this case it was possible to well-order every member of <math>X</math> by making just one choice, so neither AC nor AC_ω was needed. (This example shows that the well-ordering theorem, which states that every set can be well-ordered, implies AC. The converse is also true, but less trivial.)

See also

• Axiom of choice
• Axiom of countable choice
• Hausdorff paradox

In music a divisive rhythm is a rhythm in which a larger period of time is divided into smaller rhythmic units, this can be contrasted with additive rhythms, which are larger periods of time constructed from sequences of smaller rhythmic units added to the end of the previous unit. European metres are divisive. For example: 4/4 consist of one measure (whole note: 1) divided into a stronger first beat and slightly less strong second beat (half notes:12), which are in turn divided, by two weaker beats (quarter notes:1234), and again divided into still weaker beats (eight notes:1&2&3&4&).

Crown glass is type of optical glass used in lenses and other optical components.

Crown glass is produced from alkali-lime silicates containing approximately 10% potassium oxide. It has low refractive index (≈1.52) and low dispersion (with Abbe numbers around 60).

As well as the specific material named “crown glass”, there are other optical glasses with similar properties that are also called crown glasses. Generally, this is any glass with Abbe numbers in the range 50 to 85. For example, the borosilicate glass Schott BK7 The crown/flint distinction is so important to optical glass technology that many glass names, notably Schott glasses, incorporate it. A K in a Schott name indicates a crown glass (krone in German — Schott is a German company). The B in BK7 indicates that this is a borosilicate glass composition. is an extremely common crown glass, used in precision lenses. Borosilicates contain about 10% boric oxide, have good optical and mechanical characteristics, and are resistant to chemical and environmental damage. Other additives used in crown glasses include zinc oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, barium oxide, and fluorite.

A concave lens of flint glass is commonly combined with a convex lens of crown glass to produce an achromatic doublet lens. The dispersions of the glasses partially compensate for each other, producing reduced chromatic aberration compared to a singlet lens with the same focal length.

See also

• Flint glass
• History of the achromatic telescope
• John Dollond: introduced the crown/flint doublet

Notes

External links

• Crown glass article

For the album by Brian Eno, see Nerve Net (album).

A nerve net is a type of simple nervous system that is found in members of the phylum cnidaria. Nerve nets consist of interconnected neurons lacking a brain or any form of cephalization. This nervous system allows cnidarians to respond to physical contact. They may then detect food and other chemicals in a rudimentary way. Although the nerve net allows the animal to respond to its environment, it has trouble alerting the animal from where the stimulus is coming. For this reason, simple animals with nerve nets, such as hydra, will typically respond in the same way to contact with an object, regardless of where the contact occurs.

See also

• Insect nervous system
• Nerve chord

An original design manufacturer (ODM) is a company which manufactures a product which ultimately will be branded by another firm for sale. Such companies allow the brand firm to produce (either as a supplement or solely) without having to engage in the organization or running of a factory. ODMs have grown in size in recent years and many are now sufficient in size to handle production for multiple clients, often providing a large portion of overall production. A primary attribute of this business model is that the ODM owns and/or designs in-house the products that are branded by the buying firm. This is in contrast to a contract manufacturer (CM).

This model is especially used in international trade, where a local ODM is used to produce goods for a foreign company which sees some advantage in the transaction, such as low labor inputs, transport links or proximity to markets. This is also used where local ownership laws possibly prohibit direct ownership of assets by foreigners, allowing a local firm to produce for a brand company for either the domestic market or export.

This type of business is part of “outsourcing”. An example is Compal Electronics, which makes notebook computers and monitors, and operates as a mass producer for numerous brand companies, assisted by low labor costs, low-cost transport, and the near commodity nature of the physical inputs (in Compal’s case, computer components).

The market research firm iSuppli issued a report in 2006 which demonstrated that 82.6% of PC notebooks are made in Taiwan by Taiwanese original equipment manufacturer (OEMs) and ODMs.

See also

• Original equipment manufacturer (OEM)
• Pure-play semiconductor foundry

The oxygen evolving complex is a water oxidizing enzyme involved in the photooxidation of water during the light reactions of photosynthesis. Based on a widely accepted theory from 1970 by Kok, the complex can exist in 5 states: S₀ to S₄. Photons trapped by photosystem II move the system from state S₀ to S₄. S₄ is unstable and reacts with water to produce oxygen. Currently the functional mechanism of the complex is not completely understood. Much of the known data have been collected from flash experiments, EPR, and X-ray spectroscopy.

Reference:
Kok, B., B. Forbush, and M. McGloin. 1970. Cooperation of charges in photosynthetic O2 evolution. I. A linear four-step mechanism. Photochem. Photobiol. 11:467–475.

This article is about a brand of clothing; for The Sopranos episode of the same name see Members Only (The Sopranos episode).

Members Only is a brand of clothing that became popular in the 1980s for the “Members Only Jacket”. The brand was created in 1975 and introduced to American markets in 1979 by Europe Craft Imports (later acquired in 1987 by the Marcade Group). Members Only was renowned for their brand of jackets, which was first introduced in 1981 and manufactured in several colors. Their advertising tagline, “when you put it on something happens”, also gained fame. Even so, Members Only jackets quickly lost their hipness, and are today widely remembered as an ’80s fad. The brand was licensed in 2004 by Kirtie Regan, who resurrected the brand and developed a new line of apparel.

Photochromic lenses are lenses that darken on exposure to UV radiation. Once the UV is removed (for example by walking indoors), the lenses will gradually return to their clear state. Photochromic lenses may be made of either glass or plastic. The glass version of this type of lenses was first developed by Corning in the 1960s. More recently, plastic versions of these lenses have been commerciallized. The first of these was the Photolite lens sold in the early 1980s by American Optical Corporation. The first commercially successful plastic photochromic lens was introduced by Transitions Optical in 1991.[1]

The glass version of these lenses achieve their photochromic properties through the embedding of microcrystalline silver halides (usually silver chloride), or molecules in a glass substrate. Plastic photochromic lenses rely on organic photochromic molecules (for example oxazines and naphthopyrans) to achieve the reversible darkening effect. The reason these lenses darken in sunlight but not indoors under artificial light, is that room light does not contain the UV (short wavelength light) found in sunlight. Automobile windows also block UV so these lenses would darken less in a car. Lenses that darken in response to visible (rather than UV) light would avoid these issues, but they are not feasible for most applications. In order to respond to visible light, it is necessary to absorb it, thus the glass could not be made to be clear in its low-light state.

With the photochromic material dispersed in the glass substrate, the degree of darkening depends on the thickness of glass, which poses problems with variable-thickness lenses in prescription glasses. With plastic lenses, the material is typically embedded into the surface layer of the plastic in an uniform thickness of up to 150 µm.

Typically, photochromic lenses darken substantially in response to UV light in less than one minute, and then continue to darken very slightly over the next fifteen minutes.[2] The lenses fade back to clear along a similar pattern. The lenses will begin to clear as soon as they are away from UV light, and will be noticeably lighter with in two minutes and mostly clear within five minutes. However, it normally takes more than fifteen minutes for the lenses to completely fade to their non-exposed state.

Because photochromic compounds fade back to their clear state by a thermal process, the higher the temperature, the less dark photochromic lenses will be. This thermal effect is called “temperature dependency” and prevents these devices from achieving true sunglass darkness in very hot weather. Conversely, photochromic lenses will get very dark in cold weather conditions, which makes them more suitable for snow skiers than beachgoers while outside. Once inside, away from the triggering UV light, the cold lenses take longer to regain their clear color than warm lenses.

A number of sunglass manufacturers/retailers (Intercast, Oakley, Serengeti Eyewear, to name a few) offer products that use photochromism to make lenses that go from a dark to a darker state. Because these products are tinted in the bleached state, they are typically used only outdoors and are not considered general purpose lenses.

External links

• Photochromic lenses How stuff works.

Elections to Sefton Council were held on 7th May, 1998. One third of the council was up for election and the council stayed under no overall control.

After the election, the composition of the council was

• Labour 31
• Liberal Democrat 23
• Conservative 14
• Independent 1

Election result

The covalent radius, r_cov, is a measure of the size of atom which forms part of a covalent bond. It is measured either in picometres (pm) or ångströms (Å), with 1 Å = 100 pm.

In principle, the sum of the two covalent radii should equal the covalent bond length between two atoms. This relationship does not hold exactly because the size of an atom is not constant but depends on its chemical environment. In particular, polar covalent bonds tend to be shorter than would be expected on the basis of the sum of covalent radii. Tabulated values of covalent radii are either average or idealized values, which nevertheless show a certain transferability between different situations.

Covalent radii are measured by X-ray diffraction (more rarely, neutron diffraction on molecular crystals). Rotational spectroscopy can also give extremely accurate values of bond lengths. One method takes the covalent radius to be half the single bond length in the element, e.g. d(H–H, in H₂) = 74.14 pm so r_cov(H) = 37.07 pm: in practice, it is usual to obtain an average value from a variety of covalent compounds, although the difference is usually small. Sanderson has published a recent set of non-polar covalent radii for the main-group elements,Sanderson, R. T. (1983). “Electronegativity and Bond Energy.” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105:2259–61. but the availabilty of large collections of bond lengths, which are more transferable, from the Cambridge Crystallographic DatabaseAllen, F. H.; Kennard, O.; Watson, D. G.; Brammer, L.; Orpen, A. G.; Taylor, R. (1987). “Table of Bond Lengths Determined by X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction.” J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 S1–S19. has rendered covalent radii obsolete in many situations.

References

External links

• WebElements

Dream On may refer to:

• Dream On (TV series), an American adult situation comedy
• Dream On (Aerosmith song), a 1973 song by the rock group Aerosmith
• Dream On (Depeche Mode song), a 2001 single by Depeche Mode
  
• Dream On!, a 1981 movie starring Ed Harris and Paul Reubens
• “Dream On”, a song by Screaming Jets from their 1992 album Tear of Thought
• DreamOn, the name of the official demo GD-ROMs for the SEGA Dreamcast in Europe.

A contract manufacturer (”CM”) is a firm that manufactures components or products for another “hiring” firm. Many industries utilize this process, especially the aerospace, defense, computer, semiconductor, energy, medical, personal care, and automotive fields. Some types of contract manufacturing include CNC machining, complex assembly, aluminum die casting, grinding, broaching, gears, and forging.

In a contract manufacturing business model, the hiring firm - typically an OEM - approaches the contract manufacturer with a design or formula. The contract manufacturer will quote the parts based on processes, labor, tooling, and material costs. Typically an OEM will request quotes from multiple CMs. After the bidding process is complete, the hiring firm will select a source, and then, for the agreed-upon price, the CM acts as the hiring firm’s factory, producing and shipping units of the design on behalf of the hiring firm.

Many well-known companies use contract manufacturing as an alternative to operating and maintaining their own factories. Contract manufacturing can be used for anything from single components to a complete product. Printers, computers, and cellular phones personal care products are all examples of products that are made using this method.

In an international context, establishing a foreign subsidiary as a contract manufacturer can have favorable tax benefits for the parent company, allowing them to reduce overall tax liabilities and increase profits, depending upon the activities of the contract manufacturer.

Notable Contract Manufacturers:
Nutritional & OTC: */ Ion Labs

See also

• Electronic Contract Manufacturing
• Electronics Manufacturing Services
• Original Design Manufacturer

Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation, (“SMIC”, NYSE: SMI, SEHK: 981) is a semiconductor foundry in mainland China, providing integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing services at 350 nm to 90nm technologies. Headquartered in Shanghai, SMIC operates three 8-inch wafer fabrication facilities in its Shanghai fab, an 8-inch wafer fab in Tianjin, and a 12-inch wafer fab in its Beijing fab, the first of its kind in mainland China. SMIC has customer service and marketing offices in the U.S., Italy, and Japan as well as a representative office in Hong Kong.

External Links

SMIC website

Great Britain and Ireland are the two largest islands in the British Isles. A former state, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, was composed of the political union of the two. Sometimes the entire archipelago, including the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands, which, although politically linked, were never a part of the former state, is referred to as Great Britain and Ireland.For examples of such use see maps such as the
Michelin Map of Great Britain and Ireland, OPC Rail Atlas of Great Britain and Ireland, Reader´s Digest Road Atlas of Great Britain and Ireland and Hammond International Great Britain, Ireland. It’s use by pan-island organizations can be seen in Google search results for “Great Britain and Ireland” and society. This is often to avoid use of the term British Isles, which is seen by many in Ireland as outdated since Irish independence. Britain and Ireland suffices for a similar meaning.

• The British Isles (see also British Isles naming dispute)
• The former United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

For an explanation of the toponyms of the region, which many people find confusing, see British Isles (terminology).

See also

• The island of Great Britain
• The island of Ireland
• The state of Ireland, also known as the Republic of Ireland
• The state of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Notes